Bialaphos Solution (1 mg/mL)

Product ID: B1730

Introduction

Description: Bialaphos is a tripeptide antibiotic with herbicidal properties that is employed in plant transformation for selection of cells containing either the bar or pat gene.

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Synonyms: SF-1293, Bilanafos.

B1 730 Bialaphos Solution (1 mg/mL)

Application Notes
Bialaphos is atripeptide antibioticwith herbicidal properties that is employed in transformation research inmany plant species that contain thebaror pat gene for selectionpurposes.
Bialaphos hasplant growth regulating properties at low concentrations and herbicidal properties at high concentrations. It was isolated from Streptomycesviridochromogenes (Kumada et al., 1988)and inhibits the function of the enzyme glutamine synthetase (GS)(Schwartz et al., 2005). Inhibition of GS leads to ammonia build up in plant cells and eventually death unless the baror patgene is present to confer resistance to bialaphos(Charudattan et al., 1996).
Afterbialaphos is takeninto cells, it isconverted into phosphinothricinthrough hydrolysisvia the phosphinothricin acetyl transferase enzyme(Thompson et al., 1987).

References
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Charudattan R., V. J. Prange, J. T. Devalerio (1996) Exploration of the use of the "bialaphos genes" for improving bioherbicide efficacy. Weed Technology, 10:3.
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Kumada Y., H. Anzai, E. Takano, T. Murakami,O. Hara, R. Itoh, S. Ima, A. Satoh and K. Nagaoka (1988) The bialaphos resistance gene (bar) plays a role in both self-defense and bialaphos biosynthesis in Streptomyces hygroscopicus. The Journal of Antibiotics. Vol XLI, No. 12. Pp 1838-1845.
Leung H., Pat Loomis, and Martin L. Pall. “Transformation of Magnaporthe grisea to phosphinothricin resistance using the bargene from Streptomyces hygroscopicus.”Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6430. <http://www.fgsc.net/fgn42/leung.html>  Accessed:  [10/31/2011 2:12:16 PM].
Schwartz D, S. Berger, E. Heinzelmann, K. Muschko, K. Welzel, and W. Wohlleben (2004) Biosynthetic Gene Cluster of the Herbicide Phosphinothricin Tripeptide from Streptomyces viridochromogenesTu494. Applied And Environmental Microbiology70:12 Pp. 7093–7102Schwartz D, N. Grammel, E. Heinzelmann, U. Keller and W. Wohlleben (2005) Phosphinothricin Tripeptide Synthetases in Streptomyces viridochromogenesTu ̈494. Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 49:11, Pp. 4598–4607.
Thompson CJ, N.R.Movaa, R.Tizard,R.Crameri, J.E. Davies, Marc Lauwereysand Johan Botterman(1987) Characterization of the herbicide-resistance gene barfromStreptomyces hygroscopicus. The EMBO Journal6:9 pp.2519-2523.